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Huesca ((:ˈweska); (アラゴン語:Uesca)) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, almost a quarter of the total population of the province. That makes it one of the least populated provincial capitals in Spain. Huesca celebrates its main festivities ''Fiestas de San Lorenzo〔(Fiestassanlorenzo.es )〕'' from 9 to 15 August. ==History== Huesca's pre-Roman Iberian name was Bolskan. It was the capital of the Vescetani, in the north of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the road from Tarraco (modern Tarragona) and Ilerda (modern Lleida) to Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza)〔''Antonine Itinerary'' pp. 391, 451.〕 and fell under Caesaraugusta's jurisdiction. Pliny alone〔iii. 3. s. 4.〕 places the Oscenses in Vescitania, a district mentioned nowhere else.〔Pliny, in the Third Book of Naturalis Historia. Translation at (penelope.uchicago.edu )〕 The city's name was rendered as Osca, and was a Roman colony, Urbs Victrix Osca, during the Roman Empire. Under the impetus of Quintus Sertorius, the renegade Roman and Iberian hero who made Osca his base, the city minted its own coinage and was the site of a prestigious school founded by Sertorius to educate young Iberians in Latin and ''Romanitas'' in general. We learn from Plutarch〔''Sert.'' c. 14.〕 that it was a large town, and the place where Sertorius died. It is probably the town called Ileoscan () by Strabo, in an apparently corrupt passage.〔iii. p. 161; v. Friedrich August Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 451.〕 It seems to have possessed silver mines,〔Livy xxxiv. 10, 46, xl. 43.〕 unless the ''argentum Oscense'' here mentioned merely refers to the minted silver of the town. 18th-century Spanish historian Enrique Flórez, however,〔''Med.'' ii. 520.〕 has pointed out the impossibility of one place supplying such vast quantities of minted silver as we find recorded in ancient writers under the terms ''argentum Oscense'', ''signatum Oscense''; and is of the opinion that "Oscense" in these phrases means "Spanish", being a corruption of "Eus-cara".〔''Cf.'' Julius Caesar ''Commentarii de Bello Civili'' i. 60; Velleius Paterculus ii. 30; "Euskara", Basque for the Basque language.〕 The fully Romanised city, with its forum in the Cathedral square, was made a ''municipium'' by decree of Augustus in 30 BC. With the Arab conquest in the late 8th century, the city came to be called ''Washqah'' (Arabic: وشقة), falling within the Tagr al-A'la, the Upper March of the Emirate of Córdoba. It was ruled by a local governor appointed from Córdoba, but was repeatedly subject to political turmoil, rebellion and assassination as the Banu Qasi, Banu Amrus and Banu al-Tawil clans, as well as the Arista dynasty of Pamplona, struggled for control, autonomy or independence from the Emirate, later Caliphate. In the mid-10th century, Wasqah was given to the Banu Tujibi, who governed the Upper March from Zaragoza, and it became part of their Taifa of Zaragoza when in 1018 they successfully freed themselves from the disintegrating Caliphate. In 1094 Sancho Ramirez built the nearby Montearagón castle with the intention of laying siege to Wasqah but was killed by a stray arrow as he was reconnoitring the city's walls. It was conquered in 1096 by Peter I of Aragon. In 1354, King Peter IV of Aragon chartered the University of Huesca, which initially had a faculty of theology. The school expanded, but by the end of the 16th century was eclipsed by the University of Zaragoza.〔( Hastings Rashdall,The universities of Europe in the middle ages, Volume 2, Part 1, Oxford, 1895, pp. 92-94. )〕 The university was abolished in 1845.〔Hans Hoefe & Andrew Eames, Spain, 2d ed 1993, p. 305.〕 During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) the "Huesca Front" was the scene of some of the worst fighting between the Republicans and Franco's army. The city was besieged by the Republicans, George Orwell among them (see below) but never fell. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Huesca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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